Târgu Mureș, formerly Mureș-Oșorhei, Oșorheiu, Târgul Mureșului (in Hungarian), formerly Székelyvásárhely, Vásárhely, Újszékelyvásár, Újvásár, German Neulum Neumt) is the municipality of residence of Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania, consisting of the component localities Mureșeni, Remetea and Târgu Mureș (residence). It is located in the center of historic Transylvania, on both banks of the upper course of the Mureș River. Located in the central-northern area of Romania, the city has as geographical delimitation the Mureș River and the Cornești Hill.
Târgu Mureș borders the communes of Sângeorgiu de Mureș, Cristești, Livezeni, Sântana de Mureș and Sâncraiu de Mureș. Over time it has been the cultural, industrial, economic and educational center of the Szeklerland. Tîrgu Mureș was the residence of the Mureș Chair, the Mureș-Turda County, then of the Mureș Region, of the Hungarian Autonomous Region, of the Mureș-Hungarian Autonomous Region and at present it is the residence of Mureș County. Together with the authorities of twelve surrounding communes and cities, the mayor's office participates in the Târgu Mureș Metropolitan Area project. In size, the city is the sixteenth in Romania and the sixth in Transylvania. According to the 2002 census, the largest urban Hungarian community in Romania lived here.
Points of atractions - Tourist objectives
Museums:
Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art
The Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art (Hungarian: Néprajzi és Népművészeti Múzeum) is located in Rose Square no. 11, in the Toldalagi Palace from Târgu Mureș. The building is one of the most important monuments of the city dating from the 18th century. It was built in Baroque style between 1759-1772 by Count László Toldalagi.
The first acquisitions of ethnographic objects from the collections of the ethnography section of the museum were made by Aurel Filimon in the interwar period. Thus, in 1921, the first ethnographic exhibition was opened in the Palace of Culture. The enrichment of the museum heritage was then continued through other acquisition campaigns of generations of ethnographers who have succeeded each other over time. The development of the patrimony aimed at completing the collections in order to represent all the ethnographic areas of Mureș. The acquisitions of objects of the Hungarian, Romanian and Saxon ethnoculture from: Mureșul Superior, Valea Gurghiului, Valea Beicii, Valea Nirajului, Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică, Câmpia Transilvaniei were extended and resumed. Since 1984, Toldalagi Palace has housed the Ethnography and Folk Art Department of the Mureș County Museum
Museum of Natural Sciences
The Museum of Natural Sciences (in Hungarian Természettudományi Múzeum) is a museum in Târgu Mureș, located in Horea Street no. 24, built in neoclassical style containing elements specific to Italian Renaissance architecture. The building was intended to be the site of the Szekler Museum of Industrial Art, currently houses exhibits belonging to the natural treasure of Mureș and Europe containing pieces, grouped in various zoological, paleontological, mineral and rock collections. From an administrative point of view, the institution belongs to the Mureș County Museum.
The first discussions on the establishment of a museum institution were held in 1874 at a meeting of the Szekler Culture Association, but the idea materialized only in 1885, when the idea of a Szekler Museum of Industry and Crafts, which was to be built on a plot donated by the mayors of the firemen's training grounds. The construction project belonged to the architect university professor István Kiss, and the works started in 1890, with József Sófalvi and Pál Soós as contractors, the construction being completed in 1894.
Historic buildings and areas
Medieval fortress
The fortress (Hungarian: Marosvásárhelyi vár) is located in the center of Târgu Mureș. The whole fortress dates from the 15th century with an area of 4.3 ha in the form of a fortified enclosure with 7 bastions joined by walls. Inside the fortification is the Reformed Church of the Citadel and the Museum of History and Archeology. Both the fortress with its interior buildings and the urban ensemble around it are on the list of historical monuments.
The current fortress was built on the site of another fortification built in the 15th century (1492) and which belonged to the voivode of Transylvania, Báthori István. This first fortress was destroyed in 1601, during the reign of Michael the Brave, following the invasion led by Giorgio Basta
In 2018, biggin the interior and exterior restoration of the Reformed Church in the Citadel began with funds allocated by the Government of Hungary and the Reformed parishioners.
The Reformed Church of the Citadel
The Reformed Church of the Citadel (Hungarian: Vártemplom) is the oldest building in Târgu Mureș. Until the 19th century, it was called the Great Church (Nagytemplom in Hungarian) in the community, because to this day it is the largest church in the city. The church is a historical monument.
Was built in the 14th century by the Franciscan order, dedicated to Saint Mary. The construction was completely completed only in 1490. The first known mention is from 1332. There were three periods of construction: 1350–1370 - when the chapel and the monastery were built, 1370–1400 - when the part for the church choir was built and 1400– 1450 - when the church and the tower were completed.
In 1444 the governor Ioan de Hunedoara assigned the place to the observant Franciscans.
The crucifix made by Veit Stoss for the Franciscan church in Târgu Mureș before the Protestant Reformation was identified on the Niraj Valley, in the Roman Catholic Church in Eremitu.
Orthodox Cathedral "Ascension of the Lord"
The Ascension of the Lord Orthodox Cathedral is the largest religious edifice in Târgu Mureș, the cathedral is dedicated to the "Ascension of the Lord". The cathedral was built in the city center (now the Rose Square) between 1925 and 1934 at the initiative of Archpriest Stefan Rusu, on the site of the Singing Fountain of Péter Bodor.
The foundation stone was laid on May 10, 1925. Among the participants in the event were the Minister of Cults, Alexandru Lapedatu, Bishop Nicolae Ivan and Octavian Goga as ministers. The consecration of the cathedral took place on December 2, 1934, being also a symbol signifying the entry of the Romanian armies in the municipality of Târgu Mureș in 1918.
The church was built according to the plans of the architect Victor Vlad from the Polytechnic of Timișoara, in the shape of a Greek cross, with equal arms. The construction of the iconostasis was made in 1934 by Traian Bobletec from Nazna and painted by the painter Virgil Simonescu from Lugoj.
The Church of the Annunciation or the Litle Cathedral
The Church of the Annunciation, also known by the locals as the Little Cathedral (as opposed to the Orthodox Cathedral on the opposite side of the Rose Square), was built between 1926-1936 after the model of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The church was consecrated on September 8, 1936 by the Greek Catholic Metropolitan Alexandru Nicolescu of the Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia.
Archpriest Iosif Pop (1896-1985) remained in Târgu Mureș during the occupation of northern Transylvania by fascist Hungary, between 1940-1944. In 1948 he was arrested by the communist authorities for refusing to go to the Romanian Orthodox Church.
In 1948, after the ban of the Romanian Church United with Rome, the communist authorities installed in the Church of the Annunciation in Târgu Mureș a parish of the Romanian Orthodox Church, which still uses the place.
For a long time the church was disputed by Greek Catholics and Orthodox.
Administrative Palace
Administrative Palace (originally Târgu Mureș Royal Free City Hall, in Hungarian Közigazgatási Palota, originally Városháza) is a building built between 1905-1907, on the initiative of Mayor György Bernády, as the seat of Târgu Mureș City Hall. It was the first building meant to give a new look to the city center at the beginning of the 20th century, characterized by its secession style.
Mayor György Bernády had announced his intention to build a new building for the City Hall as early as 1903. However, after prolonged debates, the project was approved only on May 16, 1905, when the competition for architectural projects was announced. The specifications set out specific requirements for a public building. They wanted an imposing, modern, but still sober building, suitable for the function of representation that they had to fulfill. The land had to be used as efficiently as possible, and construction costs had to be within certain limits.
Bányai House (Baroque Palace)
Bányai House (Hungarian: Bányai ház) is a building representative of Belle Époque architecture (early 20th century) in Târgu Mureș. It was built between 1904 and 1907 on the Rose Square, by Pál Soós, according to the plans of the architect Győző Nagy in an eclectic style. The building served between 1933-1937 as the residence of Mayor György Bernády. It is on the list of historical monuments.
Palace of Culture
Palace of Culture in Târgu Mureș (Hungarian: Kultúrpalota) is one of the most representative Belle Époque buildings in Transylvania. The monument, erected between 1911 and 1913 by the efforts of Mayor György Bernády, is imposing both by interior and exterior decoration.
The idea of building a house of culture in Târgu Mureș appeared in 1907. The mayor of the city, György Bernády, an erudite and ambitious personality who permanently supported the modernization of the city, convinced the Council of the Royal Free City to approve this project. The idea came from a national project in which the Budapest government allocated long-term loans to small and medium-sized towns to build cultural centers on the 40th anniversary of King Franz Joseph's coronation. The building projects were made by Marcell Komor and Dezső Jakab who also worked on the construction of the City Hall (today the headquarters of the county council and the prefecture.
National Theater
The National Theater in Târgu Mureș (Hungarian: Marosvásárhelyi Nemzeti Színház), built in 1978, is the successor to the Szekler Theater (Hungarian: Székely Színház) in Târgu Mureș, founded in 1946 by director Miklós Tompa, the current director of G Hungarian State Theater in Cluj. The National Theater in Târgu Mureș has two sections, Hungarian (Tompa Miklós Band) and Romanian (Liviu Rebreanu Band), and operates in a building integrated into a modernist architectural ensemble (inaugurated in 1973), being built by demolishing Franciscan churches and several historic buildings in the center.
The equestrian statue of Michael the Brave
The equestrian statue of Mihai Viteazul from Târgu Mureș, made by the reserve colonel Valentin Tănase, director of the Fine Arts Studio of the Ministry of Defense, was unveiled in the courtyard of the 6th Special Operations Brigade on October 25, 2013, on the occasion of Romanian Army Day.
It is the first equestrian statue in Romania in which the horse is represented in an upright position, raised on two legs, this being an artistic solution more difficult to achieve and more difficult to balance from a technical point of view.
The statue is located on the place where, on October 25, 2011, Gabriel Oprea, then Minister of National Defense, unveiled another bronze equestrian statue representing Mihai Viteazul, but smaller.
Places for relaxation and fun
Rose Square
The Rose Square (in Hungarian Rózsák tere) is the central square and an artery in Târgu Mureș, one of the main traffic routes of the municipality that crosses the Center from southwest to northeast, and after a triple branch continues with Calarasi Street, Sándor Petőfi Square and Revolution Street.
Târgu Mureș is an attractive city from the point of view of the natural environment, a city worth visiting. What do you think about this city.
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